,TACTILE ,IONIC ,BOND+ ,KIT


,CATALOG ,NUMB]S3 ,,UEB #A-#JCACB-#JJ
  ,NEME? #A-#JCACC-#JJ

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M1NS1 ELECTRONIC1 ME*ANICAL1 PHOTOCOPY+1
RECORD+1 OR O!RWISE4

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APH4ORG _4 9FO@AAPH4ORG               #A
             ,PROJECT ,/AFF

,ROSANNE ,H(FMANN  ,SCI;E @& ,H1L?
  ,PRODUCT ,MANAG] & ,AU?OR
,ADAM ,/OCKHAUS5  ,3SULTANT & ,AU?OR
,AV]Y ,BA7ETT  ,,/EM ,PRODUCT ,SPECIALI/
,L>A ,KIRWAN  ,PRODUCT ,SPECIALI/
,&REW ,DAK9  ,MODEL ,MAK]
,&REW ,M\LTON  ,TE*NICAL & ,MANUFACTUR+
  ,RESE>*1 ,DIRECTOR
,ROD ,DIXON  ,TE*NICAL & ,MANUFACTUR+
  ,RESE>*1 ,MANAG]
,LAURA ,GRE5WELL  ,GRAPHIC ,DESIGN]












      ,TACTILE ,IONIC ,BOND+ ,KIT     #A

    ,9TRODUC;N
  ,! ,TACTILE ,IONIC ,BOND+ ,KIT
PROVIDES TANGIBLE MANIPULATIVES TO
ILLU/RATE "O WAY ELE;TAL ATOMS MI<T
BOND4 ,! MANIPULATIVES HI<LI<T ! ASPECTS
( AN ATOM'S /RUCTURE T MAKE ! ELE;T
LIKELY TO DONATE OR RCV ELECTRONS DUR+
IONIC BOND+4 ,BONDS =M$ BY DONAT$ & RCVD
ELECTRONS >E CALL$ IONIC BONDS4
  ,! MANIPULATIVES 9 ? KIT REPRES5T
9DIVIDUAL ATOMS ( ELE;TS1 S* Z SODIUM &
*LOR9E4 ,! SUBUNITS >E DESIGN$ TO
DEMON/RATE ! DI6];E 2T ATOMS T1 2C ( _!
ATOMIC /RUCTURE1 DONATE OR RCV ELECTRONS
RESULT+ 9 AN IONIC BOND4 .7,NOTE T ?
PRODUCT DOES N DEMON/RATE ! %>+ (
ELECTRONS 2T ATOMS1 O!RWISE "KN Z
COVAL5T BOND+1 = ANY?+ O!R ?AN BONDS =M$
) HYDROG54.' ,! SUBUNITS = EA* ATOM >E
L>GE 5 TO ATTA* A TACTILE SYMBOL TO
ASSI/ /UD5TS ) BL;S OR L[ VI.N 9
ID5TIFY+ EA* ELE;T4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A PIECE
( ALUM9UM FOIL C 2 ATTA*$ TO !        #C
ALUM9UM SUBUNIT4                     A#A

    ,PRE-,T1*+ ,TIP
  ,! MANIPULATIVES 9CLUD$ 9 ? KIT 3NECT
TO EA* O!R 9 A FA%ION SIMIL> TO JIGSAW
PUZZLE PIECES4 ,IF YR /UD5TS >E
UNFAMILI> ) H[ JIGSAW PUZZLE PIECES
3NECT1 WE RECOMM5D PROVID+ H&S-ON
9/RUC;N ON DO+ ? PRIOR TO US+ ! SUBUNITS
9 ? PRODUCT4

    ,BACKGR.D ,9=MA;N
  ,O!R ?AN HYDROG5 & HELIUM1 ATOMS >E
MO/ /ABLE :5 _! \T]MO/ ELECTRON %ELLS
3TA9 EI<T ELECTRONS1 EI BY TRANSF] OR
%>+1 ?US FOLL[+ ! OCTET RULE4 ,=
EXAMPLE1 AN ATOM ( SODIUM HAS "O
ELECTRON 9 XS \T]MO/ %ELL4 ,SODIUM C
DONATE ? ELECTRON TO AN ATOM T REQUIRES
"O ELECTRON TO COMPLETE XS \T]MO/ %ELL
S* Z *LOR9E1 : HAS SEV5 ELECTRONS 9 XS
\T]MO/ %ELL4 ,? TRANSF] ( ELECTRONS
RESULTS 9 BO? ATOMS
--------------------------------------#B
HAV+ EI<T ELECTRONS 9 _! \T]MO/ %ELLS &
! =MA;N ( A POSITIVELY *>G$ ION1     A#B
OR CATION "<,NA"6"> & A NEGATIVELY *>G$
ION1 OR ANION "<,CL-1 N[ CALL$
8*LORIDE0">4 ,! TWO IONS >E ATTRACT$ TO
EA* O!R1 =M+ AN IONIC BOND & ! COMP.D
,NA,CL "<SEE FIGURE 2L">4
      @.<,DIAGRAM ( A SODIUM ATOM ) AN
    >R[ EXT5D+ F ! "O ELECTRON 9 XS
    \T]MO/ %ELL TO ! \T]MO/ %ELL ( AN
    ADJAC5T *LOR9E ATOM : HAS SPACE = "O
    ELECTRON4@.>
      @.<,DIAGRAM %[+ A SODIUM CATION &
    *LORIDE ANION1 EA* ( : HAS #H
    ELECTRONS 9 _! \T]MO/ %ELLS AF
    ELECTRON TRANSF] F SODIUM TO
    *LOR9E4@.>
--------------------------------------#C
  ,:5 AN IONIC BOND IS =M$1 ! RESULT+
COMP.D TAKES ! COMB9$ "N ( BO? ELE;TS B
MODIFIES ! 5D+ ( ! RCVG ELE;T TO H
8-IDE0 AT XS 5D4 ,9 ! EXAMPLE ON PAGE
#B1 *LOR9E RCVS ! ELECTRON F SODIUM
2COM+ AN ANION1 S ! RESULT+ "N ( !
COMP.D IS 8SODIUM *LORIDE40
  ,NOTE T AL? %>+ ELECTRONS IS        #E
M5;N$1 ? KIT DOES N MODEL COVAL5T    A#C
BOND =MA;N 2T A MAJOR;Y ( ELE;TS2 !
EXCEP;N TO ? IS A HYDROG5 ATOM BOND+ )
ANY ( ! NOT*$ ANION SUBUNIT ELE;TS4

    ,SUBUNITS 9 ! ,KIT
  ,! %APE ( ! SUBUNITS 9 ? KIT ALL[S
/UD5TS TO DEMON/RATE ! PROCESS (
ELECTRON TRANSF]1 OR IONIC BOND+4 ,!
SODIUM SUBUNIT HAS A PROTRUD+ TAB
REPRES5T+ XS S+LE ELECTRON AVAILABLE =
DONAT+4 ,! *LOR9E SUBUNIT HAS A S+LE
NOT* REPRES5T+ XS REQUIRE;T = "O
ELECTRON TO COMPLETE XS \T]MO/ ELECTRON
%ELL4 ,BO? SUBUNITS >E %[N 9 ! FIGURE
2L4
      @.<,"O SODIUM SUBUNIT & "O *LOR9E
    SUBUNIT L9K$ TGR4@.>
  ,! "N ( EA* ELE;T APPE>S 9 L>GE PR9T &
EMBOSS$ ,,UEB OR ,NEME? BRL ON EA*
SUBUNIT1 AL;G ) ! ATOMIC NUMB] "<#AA =
SODIUM & #AG = *LOR9E"> & ! ATOMIC
SYMBOL "<,NA = SODIUM & ,CL = *LOR9E">4
  ,! COMPON5TS ( ! ,TACTILE ,IONIC
,BOND+ ,KIT & EXAMPLES ( _! USE >E LI/$
ON ! FOLL[+ PAGES4 ,! LI/ &          B#C
EXAMPLES 9CLUDE ELE;TS T H "O1 TWO1 OR
?REE ELECTRONS TO EI DONATE OR A3EPT
DUR+ IONIC BOND+1 : IS REFLECT$ 9
SUBUNITS ) "O1 TWO1 OR ?REE TABS OR
NOT*ES1 RESPECTIVELY4
--------------------------------------#D

    ,CATIONS "<,YELL[ ) ,BLACK ,PR9T">
,MONOVAL5T CATIONS "<S+LE TAB">
  #C ,HYDROG5 "<;,H">
  #C ,LI?IUM "<,LI">
  #C ,SODIUM "<,NA">
  #C ,POTASSIUM "<;,K">
,DIVAL5T CATIONS "<TWO TABS">
  #C ,B]YLLIUM "<,2">
  #C ,MAGNESIUM "<,MG">
  #C ,CALCIUM "<,CA">
,TRIVAL5T CATIONS "<?REE TABS">
  #B ,ALUM9UM "<;,AL">
  #B ,BORON "<;,B">

    ,ANIONS "<,D>K ,BLUE ) ,:ITE ,PR9T">
,MONOVAL5T ANIONS "<"O NOT*">
  #D ,*LOR9E "<,CL">                  #G
  #D ,FLUOR9E "<;,F">                A#D
  #D ,BROM9E "<,BR">
  #D ,IOD9E "<,I">
,DIVAL5T ANIONS "<TWO NOT*ES">
  #C ,OXYG5 "<,O">
  #C ,SULFUR "<;,S">
,TRIVAL5T ANIONS "<?REE NOT*ES">
  #C ,NITROG5 "<;,N">
  #C ,PHOSPHORUS "<;,P">

    ,BLANK ,SUBUNITS TO ,DESIGN ,YR ,[N
    ,ELE;TS
#G S+LE TAB CATION "<YELL[">
#F TWO TAB CATION "<YELL[">
#D ?REE TAB CATION "<YELL[">
#G "O NOT* ANION "<BLUE">
#F TWO NOT* ANION "<BLUE">
#D ?REE NOT* ANION "<BLUE">
--------------------------------------#E

     ,EXAMPLES ( ,IONICALLY ,BOND$
                ,COMP.DS

  ,USE ! FOLL[+ COMP.DS TO DEMON/RATE
IONIC BOND+ TO YR /UD5TS4 ,NOTE ! *ANGE
9 ! "NS ( EA* COMP.D'S ANION ELE;T   A#E
TO 8-IDE40

    ,NEME?
_% ,NA,CL _: ,- ,SODIUM *LORIDE
      @.<,"O ,NEME? SODIUM SUBUNIT & "O
    ,NEME? *LOR9E SUBUNIT L9K$ TGR4@.>

    ,,UEB
,NA,CL ,- ,SODIUM *LORIDE
      @.<,"O ,,UEB SODIUM SUBUNIT & "O
    ,,UEB *LOR9E SUBUNIT L9K$ TGR4@.>
--------------------------------------#F

    ,NEME?
_% ,MG,CL2 _: ,- ,MAGNESIUM *LORIDE
      @.<,"O ,NEME? MAGNESIUM SUBUNIT &
    TWO ,NEME? *LOR9E SUBUNITS L9K$
    TGR4@.>

    ,,UEB
,MG,CL;5#B ,- ,MAGNESIUM *LORIDE
      @.<,"O ,,UEB MAGNESIUM SUBUNIT &
    TWO ,,UEB *LOR9E SUBUNITS L9K$
    TGR4@.>                           #I
    ,NEME?                            #G
_% ,AL,CL3 _: ,- ,ALUM9UM *LORIDE
      @.<,"O ,NEME? ALUM9UM SUBUNIT &
    ?REE ,NEME? *LOR9E SUBUNITS L9K$
    TGR4@.>

    ,,UEB
,AL,CL;5#C ,- ,ALUM9UM *LORIDE
      @.<,"O ,,UEB ALUM9UM SUBUNIT &
    ?REE ,,UEB *LOR9E SUBUNITS L9K$
    TGR4@.>
--------------------------------------#H

    ,NEME?
_% ,MG,O _: ,- ,MAGNESIUM OXIDE
      @.<,"O ,NEME? MAGNESIUM SUBUNIT &
    "O ,NEME? OXYG5 SUBUNIT L9K$ TGR4@.>

    ,,UEB
,MG,O ,- ,MAGNESIUM OXIDE
      @.<,"O ,,UEB MAGNESIUM SUBUNIT &
    "O ,,UEB OXYG5 SUBUNIT L9K$ TGR4@.>



    ,NEME?                            #I
_% ,NA2,O _: ,- ,SODIUM OXIDE
      @.<,TWO ,NEME? SODIUM SUBUNITS &
    "O ,NEME? OXYG5 SUBUNIT L9K$ TGR4@.>

    ,,UEB
,NA;5#B,O ,- ,SODIUM OXIDE
      @.<,TWO ,,UEB SODIUM SUBUNITS & "O
    ,,UEB OXYG5 SUBUNIT L9K$ TGR4@.>
-------------------------------------#AJ

    ,NEME?
_% ,NA3,P _: ,- ,SODIUM PHOSPHIDE
      @.<,?REE ,NEME? SODIUM SUBUNITS &
    "O ,NEME? PHOSPHORUS SUBUNIT L9K$
    TGR4@.>

    ,,UEB
,NA;5#C,P ,- ,SODIUM PHOSPHIDE
      @.<,?REE ,,UEB SODIUM SUBUNITS &
    "O ,,UEB PHOSPHORUS SUBUNIT L9K$
    TGR4@.>


                                     #AA
    ,NEME?                           #AA
_% ,AL2,O3 _: ,- ,ALUM9UM OXIDE
      @.<,TWO ,NEME? ALUM9UM SUBUNITS &
    ?REE ,NEME? OXYG5 SUBUNITS L9K$
    TGR4@.>
-------------------------------------#AB

    ,,UEB
,AL;5#B,O5#C ,- ,ALUM9UM OXIDE
      @.<,TWO ,,UEB ALUM9UM SUBUNITS &
    ?REE ,,UEB OXYG5 SUBUNITS L9K$
    TGR4@.>













    ,ALIGN;T ) ! ,NEXT ,G5]A;N       #AC
    ,SCI;E ,/&>DS"9
      ,,HS-,,PS#A-#B ,MATT] & XS
      ,9T]AC;NS
  ,3/RUCT & REVISE AN EXPLANA;N = !
\TCOME ( A SIMPLE *EMICAL REAC;N BAS$ ON
! \T]MO/ ELECTRON /ATES ( ATOMS1 TR5DS 9
! P]IODIC TABLE1 & K ( ! PATT]NS (
*EMICAL PROP]TIES4

,GRADE3 ,HI< ,S*OOL "<#I-#AB">

"9,,NGSS ,L1D ,/ATES4 #BJAC4 .7,NEXT
  ,G5]A;N ,SCI;E ,/&>DS3 ,= ,/ATES1 ,BY
  ,/ATES4.' ,WA%+TON1 ,,DC2 ,! ,NA;NAL
  ,ACADEMIES ,PRESS4








                                     #AC
    ,NOTES
























      ,TACTILE ,IONIC ,BOND+ ,KIT


,AM]ICAN ,PR9T+ ,H\SE
#AHCI ,FRANK=T ,AV5UE1 ,L\ISVILLE1
,K5TUCKY #DJBJF
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APH4ORG _4 9FO@AAPH4ORG

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